Pro Choice IS Pro Life Essay Example for Free

Professional Choice IS Pro Life Essay No lady needs a fetus removal as she needs a frozen treat or a Porsche. She needs a fetus removal as a creature trapped in a snare needs to chew off its own leg. Frederica Mathewes-Green ideally, every pregnancy would be viewed as a most extreme gift. Ideally, every birth would include a sound, lovely child destined to irrationally overjoyed, cherishing guardians with the guarantee of essential needs met and familiar luxuries strived for. Ideally, there would be nothing of the sort as an undesirable pregnancy or the hellfire of settling on the choice whether to end. Despite the fact that the rival sides will probably never be in concurrence on the ethical quality of premature birth, the two sides can doubtlessly concur that the world isn’t great and that, therefore, few out of every odd pregnancy can be cause for delight and joy. Despite where our ethical compass focuses on the issue of fetus removal, the reality remains that an expected 40-50 million premature births occur worldwide every year and about portion of them are illicit, dangerous systems that bring about serious handicap and even passing. Likewise, in 1973, the United States Supreme Court decided 7â€2 that a privilege to security under the fair treatment provision of the fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution reached out to a womans choice to have a fetus removal. Some expert life defenders sharply questioned the milestone choice, known as Roe v Wade, as though they felt the decision had â€Å"invented abortion† or some way or another made the difficult out and out. The unavoidable reality, notwithstanding, is that the world is defective thus premature birth occurs. Chinese old stories from 500 BCE recommends the ingestion of mercury to prompt premature birth. It occurred in 1550 BCE in antiquated Egypt. Hippocrates is noted for having endorsed â€Å"jumping up and down† to his female patients enduring undesirable pregnancy! It occurred in old Greece in 421 BC. It occurred in the Bible in the book of Numbers. Indeed, even Plato announced it the privilege of ladies to look for early terminations of pregnancies in Theaetetus, around 360 BCE. Fetus removal will consistently occur, as it generally HAS occurred, and no measure of governing body or strict intimidating will ever change that reality. To be reasonable, the vast majority who contradict premature birth are benevolent, devout people with a sensible, legitimate, contention for preferring ‘pro-life’. They feel that premature birth is what could be compared to kill; life starts at origination. Their strict confidence forces them to accept that a treated undeveloped organism is an individual and, in this manner, qualified for the option to live. This contention, in any case, depends on a minor presumption as opposed to genuine proof. Joyce Arthur, a contributing essayist for The Pro-Choice Action Network, proposes that the conviction that a hatchling is a living person with an option to live is basically unessential in light of the fact that â€Å"biology, medication, law, theory, and religious philosophy have no agreement on the issue, and neither does society as a whole.† Admittedly, the idea of such a significant number of incalculable prematurely ended embryos, unborn and anonymous and disliked, is disrupting to even the most grounded supporter of a woman’s option to pick. All things considered, the expert decision advocates don’t simply observe a hatchling; they see the entire confused, flawed, regularly tragic existence where we can’t understand everything. We truly need to get over this relationship with the embryo and begin agonizing over youngsters. Joycelyn Elders Pro-decision advocates, in situations where premature birth isn’t an alternative, see just dismissed and manhandled youngsters who are destined to guardians who didn’t need them in any case. They see youngsters who are ravenous on the grounds that their folks can't accommodate them. They see youngsters who will never know solid love or feel any genuine and enduring conviction that all is good. Eventually, they see youngsters who will be conceived without wanting to, completely mindful that they aren’t esteemed by the ones who should esteem them most, and will do minimal more with their own pained lives than sustain the endless loop of a bowed and broken society. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, in December 2003, backs this affirmation: â€Å"We offer proof that authorized premature birth has contributed signiâžcantly to late wrongdoing decreases. Wrongdoing started to fall approximately eighteen years after [Roe v Wade] premature birth legalization.† The report finishes up its examination discoveries with this fairly scorching, yet verifiably based explanation: â€Å"Roughly 50% of the violations submitted in the United States are finished by people brought into the world before the sanctioning of fetus removal. As these more established companions age out of guiltiness and are supplanted by more youthful guilty parties brought into the world after fetus removal got legitimate, we would foresee that crime percentages will keep on fall.† â€Å"Were ace decision since we realize that our confidence can't respond to the topic of when a hatchling turns into an individual. We likewise realize that the entire inquiry of fetal personhood is a guileful, regularly malignant, endeavor to occupy us from the main problem which is that the lady is an individual. She is an individual blessed by God, the U.S. Constitution, and presence of mind tolerability with rights obligations that she should exercise as well as could be expected, utilizing her own best judgment.† - The Reverend Dr. Katherine Hancock Ragsdale Supporters of expert decision see the lady confronting an impromptu, undesirable pregnancy in a more merciful light than do genius life advocates. Those for a woman’s option to pick have the liberality expected to perceive the exceptional and shifted conditions that lead a lady to select a fetus removal. They see assault casualties who, in the wake of having had control of their bodies taken once, shouldn’t be relied upon to hatch, bring forth, monetarily and sincerely support, and by one way or another figure out how to cherish a steady token of savagery and dread and rape. They see survivors of interbreeding who, as a general rule, are just youngsters themselves. They see cherishing guardians who HAD arranged a pregnancy, just to be given tragic news: the child will endure extraordinary birth surrenders and have no personal satisfaction. They see the straight-An understudy with a well deserved school grant who discovers that she’s pregnant the day preceding her secondary school graduation. They see edgy ladies who dread the judgment of their excessively strict families. These are the ladies who, without access to a sheltered one, will endeavor to perform premature births on themselves or look for the administration of an undeveloped hand, utilizing hazardous methodology, in a non-sterile condition; frequently with awful outcomes. As indicated by the World Health Organization in Oct. 2006, back-rear entryway premature births cause 68,000 maternal passings every year in the 33 nations where fetus removal isn't lawful or available†. Comprehend [that] undesirable pregnancy doesn't generally convert into undesirable births, however the formative research of youngsters undesirable during pregnancy suggests that when ladies state they can't enough think about a kid, it is absolutely critical that we tune in! - Rachel Needle, PsyD To be master decision is to genuinely think about others and to help a woman’s right not to bring forth a kid she feels incapable to think about. In spite of the Pro Life guarantee that premature birth is â€Å"taking the easy way out†, those for decision understand that a defective world here and there finds a lady in an incomprehensible, urgently frightening circumstance. The choice to end a pregnancy is a long way from the ‘easy way out’ and, much of the time, might be the main game-plan suitable to the mother. The choice not to condemn a kid to an existence of neediness or infection or mistreatment is others conscious on the off chance that it is nothing else. At last, being expert decision implies progressing in the direction of an existence where premature birth is lawful and protected and uncommon. Being genius decision implies supporting the privilege of each lady to choose what’s best for her own future, to act to the greatest advantage of her own physical and enthusiastic prosperity, and to attempt her best to do whats directly for herself and the family in question. To be PRO-CHOICE is to be, truly, PRO (upbeat, solid, excellent) LIFE for everybody. The expectation and the guarantee of such an actual existence, be that as it may, can be made conceivable just through cherishing generosity, authentic sympathy, and-to the exclusion of everything else the opportunity of decision. AbouZahr, Carla. English Medical Bulletin. Oxford Journals. English Medical Bulletin, Dec. 2003. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Arthur, Joyce. Personhood: Is a Fetus a Human Being? THE PRO-CHOICE ACTION NETWORK. The Pro Choice Action Network, Aug. 2001. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Social liberties. Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. . Donahue, John J., III, and Steven D. Levitt. THE IMPACT OF LEGALIZED ABORTION ON CRIME*. Rep. no. Quarterly Report. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 2001. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Russi, Nancy F., PhD. At the point when Pregnancies Are Unwanted. Prochoiceforum.org.uk. Leading group of Social Ethical Responsibility for Psychology of the American Psychological Association, 05 Mar. 2002. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Sankin, Aaron. Premature birth Poverty Study Finds Link Between Lack Of Access And Income. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 14 Nov. 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Smith, Sharon. Premature birth Is Every Womans Right. Premature birth Is Every Womans Right. N.p., 23 Apr. 2004. Web. 12 Oct. 2013.

Strategic Management Pharmaceutical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Key Management Pharmaceutical - Essay Example Pfizer Inc. gives a unique consideration to the item blend and geological area (Johnson, Scholes 1998). Pfizer Inc. follows two pathways: development with similar items in similar markets and advancement of new items for similar markets. Pfizer Inc follows vertical-combination which permits the organization to coordinate upwards. Additionally, development methodology includes HRM and asset area expected to meet the most noteworthy industry necessities and clients' requests. It was expressed over that promoting divisions work all the more intimately with R&D offices to guarantee that the items which are created are those which provide food for the changing needs of target clients and various needs of shifting client portions. As of late, high disappointment rates in the presentation of new items have driven divisions to be very hazard loath, with generally 'new' items rising being simply expansions of existing product offerings and not genuinely new and imaginative contributions. Its top rated and creative items incorporate Lipitor, Diflucan, Zithromax, Viagra, Celebrex and so forth.

Understanding Punishment and Oppositional Behavior

Understanding Punishment and Oppositional Behavior ADHD Parenting Print Understanding Punishment and Oppositional Behavior Parenting Strategies for Kids with Oppositional/Aggressive Behaviors By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on May 04, 2019 One problem with punishment is that it doesn’t teach a child new skills to replace the inappropriate ones. JGI/Jamie Grill/Getty Images More in ADHD Parenting Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms Adult ADD/ADHD Living With ADD/ADHD School Oppositional behavior from children is frustrating and repeated defiance over an extended time can be infuriating to parents. Most parents will automatically respond to oppositional behavior by using punishment to stop it, but this isn’t always the most effective approachâ€"especially for a child with combined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositionality. One problem is that punishment alone never teaches a new behavior. It teaches what not to do, but it doesn’t teach your child what to do. Michael Manos, Ph.D.  is head of the Center for Pediatric Behavioral Health at Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital for Rehabilitation and founding clinical and program director of the pediatric and adult ADHD Center for Evaluation and Treatment at the Cleveland Clinic. He has worked for more than 25 years in pediatric psychology, special education, and child and adolescent psychology. Dr. Manos shares his insight about punishment and suggests more effective ways to help your child reduce oppositional behaviors. Techniques Parents Use for Punishment “There are six techniques that parents tend to use as punishment in the household,” says Dr. Manos. “Ask any parent, ‘Tell me how you discipline your child at home,’ and they’ll most likely mention one of the following six strategies,” including: Yell or verbally reprimandLecture or discussUse corporal punishment (spank)Use response cost (take things away)Use time-outOvercorrect (give extra work such as additional chores) Punishment May Lead to Counter-Aggression Unfortunately, defiant behavior tends to attract excessive use of aversive techniques, that is, using punishing consequences too often to stop the behavior. Dr. Manos explains that spanking, yelling, and other aversive methods may seem to work in the short term but they don’t prevent oppositional behavior, in the long run, often resulting in increased problems. This is because one side effect of the continual use of punishment is counter-aggression. “So if you use punishment on a child, guess what the child’s going to do? Counter-aggress. They’ll be oppositional in return,” explains Dr. Manos. “And excessive punishment can actually train oppositional and even aggressive behavior. It teaches a child how to punish back.” Punishment May Lead to Avoidance What can also happen with punishment is your child may begin to engage in escape or avoidance behavior. “Just think of someone you don’t like. When you know they’re going to be at a specific place, you might avoid that place,” says Dr. Manos. “You see them walking down the hall, you turn the other way to escape from confronting them. Or if you are in conversation with them, you attempt to get out of the conversation as soon as you can.” Punishment May Lead to Emotional Dysregulation Punishment has other side effects in addition to avoidance and counter-aggression. One of these is emotional dysregulation. In other words, punishment can result in both parties becoming upset, angry, unhappy, and even emotionally distant or alienated from each other. Punishment May Lead to Self-Doubt An additional negative side effect of continued punishment is that it may actually reduce what you might call self-efficacy. It reduces your childs ability to continue to act effectively. “Some people call that self-esteem,” explains Dr. Manos. “But it is actually far more than self-esteem, as it is not only making a person feel bad about him or herself but essentially what you are really talking about is it makes a person not want to do or engage in other more successful behaviors. Chronic use of punishment makes a person doubt their own ability to make a difference.” Several of the other strategies listed, such as taking things away/loss of privileges, time-out, and extra work, won’t be effective either if theyre used when youre angry. And if theyre used inconsistently, they won’t be effective. Effective Strategies Given that punishment never teaches new behavior and only teaches what not to do, one of the most obvious strategies for parents to use is to teach a child what TO do. When you tell your child to stop doing something, also coach your child on what to do instead, giving an alternative behavior to the punished behaviors. This may be done by using the 4 WHATS  technique, which involves asking your child four questions about his or her behavior, including: What did you do?What happened when you did that?What could you have done instead?What would have happened if youd done that?

Eco Friendly Sustainability Consultancy And Fee Structure

WORKING HOURS Eco-Friendly sustainability consultancy is intended to be a full-time business: Monday – Friday 9 am – 5 pm Saturdays and evenings will be consultation, measuring and quoting jobs. 7. Marketing Strategy Our target markets will be small and medium sized existing buildings seeking sustainability consultancy in the surrounding region. Eco-Friendly Sustainability Consultancy will market its services by placing an ad in the yellow pages, listing with all local business and industry associations, developing a brochure to be distributed to lending institutions and clients, becoming an active member of a number of construction and consulting associations, networking with the local business community, and developing†¦show more content†¦Eng. F. Abraham will join local construction consulting associations to maintain contacts in the construction community as well as to stay well informed about the business issues that are important to local businesses. Description of Key Competitors There are few sustainability consulting companies focusing only on maintenance of existing small and medium sized buildings in the United Kingdom. Mostly are large consulting firms (more than 30 employees) that offer consulting services to small and medium sized businesses. However, these large firms cannot cost effectively service this market due to high overhead and labour costs. Small and medium sized businesses usually cannot afford the high hourly fees charged by these firms. Business from this target market does not represent a significant portion of the revenues generated by these large firms which all specialize in new projects. Analysis of Competitive Position Eco-Friendly sustainability Consultancy will be the only consulting firm in the region specializing in providing sustainability consulting services to small and medium sized existing building refurbishment. Eco-Friendly sustainability consultancy has a competitive advantage in this area due to the innovative unique idea. However, as a new business, it may take time to establish a strong client base and develop a reputation as a small business specialist. Pricing Strategy Eco-Friendly sustainability Consultancy services will be priced

The Evolutionary Perspective Of Origination Of Hiv And Aids

The Evolutionary Perspective of Origination of HIV and AIDS I. Abstract AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is disease caused HIV (human immunodeficiency viruses). This research paper describes the evolution and origination of HIV and AIDS. There are two types of HIVs. These are called HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIVs result multiple cross species transmission from SIV (simian immunodeficiency viruses) that is viruses that infects primates. HIV-1 comes from SIV from chimpanzees whereas HIV-2 comes from sooty mangabeys. HIV-1 has four sub groups these includes M, N, O, and P. Each of groups has resulted from independent cross-species transmission event. Group M is the most virulent, and it is the first to be discovered. HIV-2 has groups that ranges from A to H. SIV are infecting West Africa primates. This fact is based on the first pandemic HIV-1 has emerged in colonial West African, and most researchers have sampled primates from this region only. Newly emerged SIVs are resulted from multiple cross species transmission and recombination. The cross species tra nsmission occurs from non-humans to humans through eating bushmeat. The cross transmission influenced by host restriction factors, but HIVs were able to pass this barriers. Most SIV are non-pathogenic to the host; however, there is some evidence that some are pathogenic to their host. The age of the virus determined by using molecular clock method. Other studies have estimated the evolutionary timescale with same age as

Jane Eyre Relating to Feminism and Bertha Manson as an Alter Ego Free Essays

The novel, Jane Eyre, describes the transformation from childhood to adulthood of an orphaned girl named Jane. Bertha Mason, is portrayed as the alter ego of the orphaned girl, Jane Eyre. This statement could be interrupted in many ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre: Relating to Feminism and Bertha Manson as an Alter Ego or any similar topic only for you Order Now One being-for an example- Bertha being a symbol and representation of Jane’s feeling in regard to the situation of her marrying Rochester. Another is some likeliness of both women’s actions. Jane Eyre may feel as if the matter of marriage is oppressing her. The dreams she received after the engagement suggests she secretly fears being submitted. Also, she may rage at the idea of losing her freedom and yielding to a higher power, which in this case is Rochester. Jane herself does not show all of these emotions, but they are animated through the actions of Bertha. Bertha tearing the bridal veil could stand for a metaphorical sign or warning for Jane as to not get married. On another note, Bertha is also the obstacle that stops the wedding from persisting on; she is not only a metaphorical element, but is also a physical obstacle as well. The male dominating aspect relates both Bertha and Jane. Bertha was tied and locked away, showing the bondage and effect Victorian marriage had on mental and emotional health. It suggests that it suffocated women and took away their freedom. Jane was forced and expected to concede at both Gateshead Hall and Lowood Institution. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane Eyre She was harassed and also suggested by many that she not be so passionate. Knowing back then women for expected to fit the perfect imagine of civil, mannered, and self contained. Although, Jane was self righteous, opinionated, and passionate when younger. She learned to be well behaved and level headed at Lowood Institution the younger oppressed side of her reveals from her alter ego, Bertha. The likeliness of some events that occurred pertaining to both women does suggest that the madwoman in the attic is indeed the alter ego of Jane. Firstly, Bertha having been locked in a room for about ten years and goes insane. Jane gets locked in the red room at the young age of ten for about five minutes and lashes out hysterically. Secondly, after Bertha attacks Mr Mason she then gets tied up in the attic; Jane, when younger, received a threat to be restrained by her aunt if she did not yield. Lastly, the mad women is mental insane and Jane starts to hear voices. The madwoman in the attic has many symbols and roles that could be interpreted in this novel. Whether it is the horrors of Victorian marriage or the controlled element of the female gender. The statement states that Bertha is the alter ego to Jane Eyre and for many reasons. The madwoman in the attic plays a big role in representing Jane herself and her unconscious and internal conflicts. Including some key emotional events Jane went through in childhood. The relations between the two just goes to show that you can’t quite escape your past characteristics and suppress them for long. How to cite Jane Eyre: Relating to Feminism and Bertha Manson as an Alter Ego, Papers

Tiered pricing airlines and pharmaceuticals

Introduction Most industries and companies change pricing strategies in a volatile manner depending on various marketing environmental factors. Ideally, companies’ pricing strategies are much influenced by the desire to increase corporate profits and cover operating and other costs (Thomas Maurice, 2010). One of the commonest pricing strategies is the differential pricing strategy or the tiered pricing approach.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tiered pricing airlines and pharmaceuticals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pharmaceutical and airline firms are examples of industries that adopt tiered pricing techniques to share costs among their customers. These firms can drastically change prices in a span of days, moments through differential price sharing methods. According to Thomas Maurice (2010) the strategy is based on the notion that customers must not be treated equally, and that firms need to put so me efforts on products. Rather than selling products to all customers in similar approaches, a firm tries to classify and categorize its customer in groups and charge different prices to different groups. Tiered pricing behavior of pharmaceutical and airline firms Today’s marketing research has primarily focused on the pricing policies and strategies by the organizations. Most researches indicate that organization pricing policies are set based on; existence of price tiers, face value pricing, and discount/ premium variation pricing policy. Pharmaceutical and airline firms’ products are good examples where this strategy is prevalent and as a profit maximizing technique (Moe fader, 2008). According to Moe and fader, 2008, tiered pricing is mostly influenced by the ideology of advance purchasing of products by the customers. They added that, firms in pharmaceutical and airline industries customers provide advance information pertaining to the overall demand, diffusion a cross consumers and the demand elasticity of their products forcing a more elaborated marketing efforts to differentiate prices accordingly. For example, airline firms adopt a multi pricing discrimination practice which essentially involves variation of prices dramatically based on timing or hours of purchases. Airlines purchasing in advance by customers also perfect airline price tiers. Pharmaceutical firms’ price tiers are based on medicine quality and better services depending on the income levels or the individual status in an economy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yadav, 2010 argue that, price tiers in the medicine and health fraternity is faced with challenging factors on offering quality health provision in most developing countries. In fact, the industry is much cautions in differentiating its prices. In addition, price differentiation in pharmaceutical firm s adds another advantage in maximizing profits. For example, variation on pharmaceutical products depends on incomes of the customer group. Yadav, 2010, further states that, pricing strategies in pharmaceutical companies its challenging firm’s growth and the success in improving access in low and middle earners. Essentially, recent trends shows that firms in pharmaceutical and airline industries pay much attention to price tiers since its differential is based on economic and demographic characteristics of the target consumers. Strategically, these industries utilize differential pricing to create more opportunities to serve the minor or the low income categories and still maximizing profits and developing economies of scale to maximize profits. Again, since the industries are socially responsible demanding, tiered pricing enable airlines and pharmaceutical firms to portray and advocate for social responsibility and not enhancing profit maximization. To reinforce the differen tial pricing techniques, industries like airline or hotels engages in yield management. The concept refers to situations where firms or industries group customers to facilitate differentiating prices of its products (Shumsky Netessine, 2002). Industries practicing this concept are characterized by; expensive storing of products, future demands are uncertain, markets can be segmented, the same products can be perceived differently by customers, and suppliers in the industry are profit oriented. For example, airline industry can group customers into leisure travellers and business travellers. Similarly, a firm can offer discounted prices and full price to the groups to further segment markets. All these pricing techniques and market segmentation support price differentiation to the same product offering same satisfaction capacity (Shumsky Netessine, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tiered pricing airlines and pharmaceuticals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Differential pricing strategies depend on three tiers in the pharmaceutical and airline industry. These ties include class pricing, bulk selling and selling products based on the willingness to pay. According to the strategy, companies believe that they can increase profits by acknowledging that consumers vary in terms of preferences and lifestyle, tastes, behaviors, income level, and response to marketing mix or geographical categories. In addition, differential pricing benefit firms to target certain groups of customers such as frequent customers and loyal customers. In such a case, no fixed price is set for the industrial products and the major goal is to maximize profits via sharing expenses in selling products to all customers. References Moe, W. W. Fader, P. S. (2008). The Role of Price Tiers in Advance Purchasing of Event Tickets. Web. Shumsky, F Netessine, S. (2002). Yield Management. Web. Thomas C. Maurice, S. C. (2010). Managerial Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Yadav, P. (2010). Differential Pricing for Pharmaceuticals. Review of current knowledge, new findings and ideas for action. Zaragoza Logistics Center: SPAIN MIT-Zaragoza International Logistics Program.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Tiered pricing airlines and pharmaceuticals was written and submitted by user Brooklynn K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Should recruiters know your salary history

Should recruiters know your salary history Throughout your professional life, you’ll likely go on a wide array of job interviews, and each one will be a different and unique experience. But if there’s one common element of all job hunting processes, it’s that they eventually must include a salary discussion. If you make it to the finish line and reach the point where a job offer is made, congratulations- but the process isn’t over yet. After you learn the position is yours, you’ll likely be given all of the key details regarding the position, including the salary. At this point you may be wondering, â€Å"Do they need to know my salary history in order to make a fair and accurate offer?† Great question- let’s take a closer look.It’s fine to offer it if asked at the start†¦The decision of whether or not to disclose your salary history might come up at the very beginning of the process, when you’re crafting your targeted cover letter and resume for a specific j ob opening. Current conventional wisdom holds that you shouldn’t detail your salary history unless requested to do so by a prospective employer. And if you are, you should always be honest- remember, if they do a thorough background check they may find out the truth, and it won’t look good if what you told them doesn’t add up.†¦but it’s not absolutely necessary.Okay, so if conventional wisdom holds that you shouldn’t disclose your salary history unless asked to do so, how do you know if you’re going to be presented with a fair offer if you make it through the hiring process and have not given them a sense of what you’re worth? The truth is, effective recruiters and hiring managers have thoroughly researched competitive salaries for any and all positions they’re hiring for in their given geographical area. Remember, they’re competing against other companies for talent, so it’s in their best interest to make sa lary offers that will attract the best and brightest talent.They already have a final number in mind.Furthermore, recruiters and hiring managers don’t need to know your salary history because most companies have a pre-determined salary range for any given position they’re hiring for. This predetermined range can be based on a variety of factors, including a company’s budget and industry trends.This range typically means that there’s some room for you to negotiate if and when an offer is made. If you’re presented with a job offer and salary that meets your expectations, then great- congratulations on your new job! However, if you receive an offer that’s lower than what you’re looking for you can use your salary history as a negotiating point, but be sure to handle this delicate situation carefully.Now you know the facts- good recruiters don’t need to know your salary history in order to hire for a position and make an offer, and you shouldn’t feel obligated to provide it unless asked specifically to do so. However, you can always use this information during the negotiating process, if you make it that far, in an effort to get a new position that meets your needs.

Heap vs. Stack for Delphi Developers

Heap vs. Stack for Delphi Developers Call the function DoStackOverflow once from your code and youll get the EStackOverflow error raised by Delphi with the message stack overflow. ​function DoStackOverflow : integer;begin result : 1 DoStackOverflow;end; What is this stack and why there is an overflow there using the code above? So, the DoStackOverflow function is recursively calling itself without an exit strategy it just keeps on spinning and never exits. A quick fix, you would do, is to clear the obvious bug you have, and ensure the function exists at some point (so your code can continue executing from where you have called the function). You move on, and you never look back, not caring about the bug/exception as it is now solved. Yet, the question remains: what is this stack and why is there an overflow? Memory in Your Delphi Applications When you start programming in Delphi, you might experience bug like the one above, you would solve it and move on. This one is related to memory allocation. Most of the time you would not care about memory allocation as long as you free what you create. As you gain more experience in Delphi, you start creating your own classes, instantiate them, care about memory management and alike. You will get to the point where you will read, in the Help, something like Local variables (declared within procedures and functions) reside in an applications stack. and also Classes are reference types, so they are not copied on assignment, they are passed by reference, and they are allocated on the heap. So, what is stack and what is heap? Stack vs. Heap Running your application on Windows, there are three areas in the memory where your application stores data: global memory, heap, and stack. Global variables (their values/data) are stored in the global memory. The memory for global variables is reserved by your application when the program starts and remains allocated until your program terminates. The memory for global variables is called data segment. Since global memory is only once allocated and freed at program termination, we do not care about it in this article. Stack and heap are where dynamic memory allocation takes place: when you create a variable for a function, when you create an instance of a class when you send parameters to a function and use/pass its result value. What Is Stack? When you declare a variable inside a function, the memory required to hold the variable is allocated from the stack. You simply write var x: integer, use x in your function, and when the function exits, you do not care about memory allocation nor freeing. When the variable goes out of scope (code exits the function), the memory which was taken on the stack is freed. The stack memory is allocated dynamically using the LIFO (last in first out) approach. In Delphi programs, stack memory is used by Local routine (method, procedure, function) variables.Routine parameters and return types.Windows API function calls.Records (this is why you do not have to explicitly create an instance of a record type). You do not have to explicitly free the memory on the stack, as the memory is auto-magically allocated for you when you, for example, declare a local variable to a function. When the function exits (sometimes even before due to Delphi compiler optimization) the memory for the variable will be auto-magically freed. Stack memory size is, by default, large enough for your (as complex as they are) Delphi programs. The Maximum Stack Size and Minimum Stack Size values on the Linker options for your project specify default values in 99.99% you would not need to alter this. Think of a stack as a pile of memory blocks. When you declare/use a local variable, Delphi memory manager will pick the block from the top, use it, and when no longer needed it will be returned back to the stack. Having local variable memory used from the stack, local variables are not initialized when declared. Declare a variable var x: integer in some function and just try reading the value when you enter the function x will have some weird non-zero value. So, always initialize (or set value) to your local variables before you read their value. Due to LIFO, stack (memory allocation) operations are fast as only a few operations (push, pop) are required to manage a stack. What Is  Heap? A heap is a region of memory in which dynamically allocated memory is stored. When you create an instance of a class, the memory is allocated from the heap. In Delphi programs, heap memory is used by/when Creating an instance of a class.Creating and resizing dynamic arrays.Explicitly allocating memory using GetMem, FreeMem, New and Dispose().Using ANSI/wide/Unicode strings, variants, interfaces (managed automatically by Delphi). Heap memory has no nice layout where there would be some order is allocating blocks of memory. Heap looks like a can of marbles. Memory allocation from the heap is random, a block from here than a block from there. Thus, heap operations are a bit slower than those on the stack. When you ask for a new memory block (i.e. create an instance of a class), Delphi memory manager will handle this for you: youll get a new memory block or a used and discarded one. The heap consists of all virtual memory (RAM and disk space). Manually Allocating Memory Now that all about memory is clear, you can safely (in most cases) ignore the above and simply continue writing Delphi programs as you did yesterday. Of course, you should be aware of when and how to manually allocate/free memory. The EStackOverflow (from the beginning of the article) was raised because with each call to DoStackOverflow a new segment of memory has been used from the stack and stack has limitations. As simple as that.

Discussion on Genetic Engineering Research Paper

Discussion on Genetic Engineering - Research Paper Example ). GE is emerging as the most rapidly progressing branch of biology and manipulation of genes is becoming a routine act or play. GE works because conservation of genes is observed throughout the evolution. GE encompasses insertion of a particular genetic sequence isolated from any species into some different animal or plant or bacteria and hence monitoring the expression of the genetic sequence. Advances in technology has generated ease in the manipulation of genetics of the organisms and hence the gene manipulation by means of genetic engineering is paving its way in every aspect of human endeavour. Through genetic engineering, human genes are inserted into sheep, the motive of this insertion is to secrete alpha-1 antitrypsin in the milk, a useful product to treat lung disease. On the other hand with the help of genetic engineering, four legged chickens, without wings were created (Genetic Engineering: What is genetic Engineering?). This implies that genetic engineering has empowere d humans to modify the very existence of natural forms of life i.e. animals, plants or humans on earth. GE has allowed the expression of genes from different group of animals namely fish, mouse, human, insect or plants in one organism, violating the laws of nature. Ethically it is unacceptable to alter the natural forms of life. ... of human existence, may it be in the form of genetically engineered food products, genetically engineered fruits, genetically modified vegetables, bakery items, genetically modified animals to yield high quantity of milk and dairy items, genetically modified poultry animals, genetic engineering has now paved its way in cosmetics, wearable, treatment of diseases, manufacturing industrial products that are designed to enhance the production, GE is engrossing every parameter of human existence which one can think of, manipulation of genes can be performed with the skill, knowledge and precise technology to fulfil the desire of the imagination (50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods). As genetic engineering is moving at much faster pace and establishing new paradigms rapidly it is essential to have a check on the basis of ethical considerations to prevent the permanent loss of identities of natural life forms. There is a certain set parameters in moral philosophy which inv olves, regulating the right behaviour, defending the appropriate conduct and advocating the concept of understanding to discriminate between right and wrong. Based on this issue ethical theories are categorized into metaethics- dealing with religion, normative ethics- deals with practical task based on moral values to discriminate between correct and incorrect involves virtue theories, duty theories, consequentialist theories (Types of Utilitarianism and Ethical Egoism and Social Contract Theory); applied ethics encompass explicit controversial issues encompassing, environmental issues, abortion etc (Ethics). In Genetic Engineering, virtue ethics find wider application, provides a lesser amount of prominence on learning rules and emphasise on developing better approach based on morals as

Critical Introduction to Law Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Critical Introduction to Law Portfolio - Essay Example Much like Poe’s Prefect, I came into the law course, an unthinking member of society, taking the study of law for granted. The second seminar began to reverse my attitude as it engaged thought and reason. Without the benefit of Schlag’s The Enchantment of Reason, I might have read, Poe’s The Purloined Letter as nothing more than detective fiction. However, with the hindsight of Schlag’s The Enchantment of Reason, I not only felt compelled to re-evaluate my own view of the law, I was also able to interpret Poe’s The Purloined Letter differently. I focused on logic and more importantly flawed logic and the power of the human mind and reason. As a result, I was prepared to study law with an open mind. Reading and discussing the Purloined Letter and Schlag’s The Enchantment of Reason I came to appreciate a new perspective on law. Looked at as a system of rules and regulation, Schlag and Poe’s works draw attention to fallacy of blindly sett ing rigid rules and regulations and then following those rigid rules and regulations even when, they do not produce desirable outcomes. I came to the realization that I had a lot to learn about the law, how and why law is made and what compels people to follow and to not follow the law. I also realized that disobeying rules and regulations and finding alternative solutions were not always wrong. The second seminar therefore changed my expectations. I found that I was eager to learn more about the rights and protections anticipated by the law and when and how unanticipated situations would or should be treated by the law. In other words, the second seminar drew specific attention to procedural rather than substantive law, but invokes thoughts of both. Essentially, the second seminar taught me that procedural rules and regulations rarely anticipate every possibility. Rule makers, such as the police in The Purloined Letter who refuse to modify rules when they are inappropriate in an un anticipated situation, end up with rules and regulations that are ineffective. Therefore reason and logic dictates that there are often justifiable grounds for going around the procedural rules and regulations or modifying them to meet a new set of circumstances. The third seminar provided a more direct experience with the law with an introduction to 19th century English legal scholar A.V Dicey. Dicey invited critical thinking about the law and what it takes to learn the law. In Dicey’s Can English Law Be Taught At The Universities? reinforced my enthusiasm to study the law. Dicey admits that the best place to learn the law is in the courtroom. However, he also notes that there are some things that cannot be learned by mere practice and that learning law in university fills that gap. The gap is learning to think critically about legal concepts. That can never be learned in the courts and in the law chambers. I was also encouraged by Kennedy’s First Year Law Teaching as Political Action which encouraged legal scholarship as a tool for encouraging critical thinking rather than merely learning the law as a means to a career. Kennedy encouraged creativity and a unique approach to learning and teaching law. Thus far, I felt that I was already becoming a creative and critical thinker. Introduction to law was nothing like I expected learning the law to be. I always thought studying law meant learning and thinking codes and cases. Now I was thinking about logic and analysis and

Defoe, Richardson, Fielding and the English Novel :: Literature Essays Literary Criticism

Defoe, Richardson, Fielding and the English Novel      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The roots of the novel extend as far back as the beginning of communication and language because the novel is a compilation of various elements that have evolved over the centuries.   The birth of the English novel, however, can be centered on the work of three writers of the 18th century: Daniel Defoe (1660-1731), Samuel Richardson (1689-1761) and Henry Fielding (1707-1754).   Various critics have deemed both Defoe and Richardson the father of the English novel, and Fielding is never discussed without comparison to Richardson.   The choice of these three authors is not arbitrary; it is based on central elements of the novel that these authors contributed which brought the novel itself into place.   Of course, Defoe, Richardson and Fielding added onto styles of the past and writing styles of the period, including moralistic instruction and picaresque stories.   Using writing of the time and the literary tradition of the past, Defoe first crafted the English novel while Richardson and Fielding completed its inception.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Critics disagree on a strict definition of the novel; D.H. Lawrence has remarked, "You can put anything you like in a novel" (Stevenson 2), and Wagenknecht in his Cavalcade of the English Novel has claimed the "...'novel' has never been satisfactorily defined" (xvii).   Henry James had a unique perception of the novel:    "A novel is a living thing, all one and continuous, like any other organism, and in proportion as it lives will it be found, I think, that in each of the parts there is something of the other parts."  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Kettle 12)    "Novel" comes from the Italian "novelle," which was used for sensational news stories.   One collection, Giovanni Boccaccio's The Decameron, was popularized in the 14th century (Phelps 11).   The term carried over into English to form the basis of the English novels.      Ã‚  Ã‚   There are certain components that a novel should contain.   George Phelps has come up with a six-part basis for identifying novels: the writing must be fictitious, or in other words "not pretend to tell the truth," have a certain length, attain a unity of "plot, theme, tone, atmosphere, or vision," create an illusion of reality, be concerned with character, and be prose (Phelps 7-8).   Kettle, in his An Introduction to the English Novel, argues a novel must have two elements -- a quality of life and a significant pattern (13).

Employability Skills and Swot Analysis Essay

The UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES) define employability skills as ‘the skills almost everyone needs to do almost at any job’. The employability skills term as UKCES defined in 2008 is most often related with the ‘job readiness’ through demonstration of some elements of the personal characteristics such as (time keeping, responsibility, basic social interaction etc.) but less related with creative thinking and problem solving skills. The term ‘employability skills’ is also connected with other backgrounds, especially with Higher Education. The employability skills that identify me and my future career can be categorized in nine major groups of skills. The first groups of skills are the communication skills. The communication skills are the set of skills that allow an individual to transport information so that it is received and understood (Schroeder, A, 2010). The second groups of skills are the team work skills, which can be defined as the process of interacting and working collaboratively with a group of people in order to achieve a goal (Felder, R. M., & Silverman, L. K., 1988). In addition another group of skills are the organization and planning skills. Those types of skills can be defined as the way of working in a methodical approach, prioritizing and using time management, in order to carry out tasks effectively, for either yourself or your team (Felder, R. M. and Soloman, B. A., 2003). Besides the organization and planning skills, another group of skills that characterizes me, are the problem solving skills. We can define those skills as the process by which an individual or a team works through details of a problem, utilizing their creativity, available information and resources, reasoning and past experiences, in order to reach a solution (Gardner, H., 1983). Another important group of skills are the flexibility and adaptability skills which can be defined as the ability to be adaptable and responsive, to change in any given situation or work environment, or in response to the needs, wishes or demands of others (Honey, P. and Mumford, A., 1986). Additionally another important group of skills are the action planning skills. The action planning skills can be defined as the process which will help you to emphasize your ideas, and to decide what steps you need to take or activities that must be performed, to achieve particular goals (Honey, P., 1992). Moreover another important group of employability skills are the self-awareness skills which can be defined as the ability to know and understand yourself, including strengths, weaknesses, achievements, feelings and behaviors, and what you want out of life (Kolb, 1984). Furthermore another group of employability skills are the initiative skills. That group of skills can be defined as the ability to act and make decisions without the help or advice of other people (Honey, P., 1992). The last groups of employability skills are the personal impact and confidence skills. This group of skills can be defined as an approach which allows us to have a positive and realistic perception of ourselves and our abilities (Perry, 1968). SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, a place or a person. I t involves identifying the objective of the business project or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are positive and negative to achieving that objective. The technique is official due to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies. In my case I am going to perform swot analysis for each of the nine groups of employability skills that I mentioned above. I am going to highlight the strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities and the threats for all the groups of skills that I have mentioned before. Communication skills SWOT analysis Strengths: The first of my strengths as far as the communication skills is the process of presenting information in various formats. A strength that I obtained by being a member of my high schools argument team. Another of my strength is the process of motivating and encouraging others, a strength that I gained as a member and a captain in A.S. Aris water polo for seven years. Furthermore by being a secretary at my father’s clinic for the last two years, I gained the strength of questioning, listening, giving and accepting criticism. At last another of my strengths is the process of persuading and negotiating. A strength that I obtained as I was my class president for the last two years of high school. Weaknesses: As for my weaknesses as far as the communication skills are concerned I have to point out that the most of them exist due to the lack of my experience in the workplace. Construct coherent arguments and articulate ideas clearly to a range of audiences is a weakness to my communication skills but I will try to improve it in the future through knowledge and experience inherited by a variety of seminars connected to the subject that I am going to take. Another of my weaknesses is the fact that I cannot easily choose forms of delivery, structure and language appropriate to audience. A weakness that I tend to improve through studying about the subject. At last some other weaknesses of me are, understanding the others body language and my lack to articulate. Opportunities: I can get help from others or from people via the Internet.I can establish a network of strategic contacts that can help, or offer me good advices. If the customers or vendors of my future workplace complain i can create an opportunity by offering them a solution. Threats: I have poor marketing skills. There is a lot of competition in my field. A lot of communication may lead to negative results. Team Work skills SWOT analysis Strengths: The first of my strengths as far as the team work skills is that I can easily work and cooperate with other people from different cultural backgrounds, as I was a reservation manager for three summers (summer 2009-2011) at Spitaki bar-club. Some other of my strengths are the element of leadership, the process of taking a share of responsibility, the process of accepting and learning from constructive criticism, and the process of understanding role in a team . I obtained those skills as a member and a captain of A.S. Aris water polo team for seven years. At last I gained the process of the analysis of problem or task, and the strength of respecting others, as I worked as a bartender to Goldfish Bar for three years (2009- 2011). Weaknesses: My weaknesses as far as the team work skills are, that I am not so good at mediating between people, I have weak develop and maintain networks skill, that I am not working with confidence and that I am not being assertive. I will try to improve those weaknesses in the future by finding a role model and read the biographies of people that i admire. Opportunities: With my teamwork skills and through cooperation my job becomes easier. New innovative ideas are coming to the ‘’table’’ easier after brainstorming. By treating my team with respect any set of targets are achieved efficiently with accuracy. Threats: Differences in the character of the members of the team may lead to arguments and misconducts. My inability of maintaining networks will have a negative result in a team work project. My lack of confidence may lead in a negative result in a team work project. Organization and Planning Skills SWOT analysis Strengths: To begin with, my strengths as far as the organization and planning skills are the ability of good record keeping, the process of assigning priorities and the ability of undertaking good research. Those skills where obtained by attending several university classes. Some other of my strengths are that I am very good at documentation and attention to detail and at the process of setting clear goals that are achievable and measurable. Those were obtained by me as I worked as a secretary at my father’s clinic for the last two years. Weaknesses: My weaknesses as far as the organization and planning skills are, that I am not so good at the process of scheduling resources, managing time effectively and developing processes and procedures. Also I need to improve the processes of reviewing progress, and working to deadlines. Opportunities: Knowledge of new technology can help in my future work. I keep my knowledge up to date by reading regularly the ‘’Economist’’ magazine. Attention to detail will provide me with better employment opportunities. Threats: My lack of experience may lead to mistakes and miscalculations. Since I am not good at time managing i may not achieve my goals on time. Organization may lead to misconducts and arguments. Problem Solving Skills SWOT analysis Strengths: My strengths as far as the problem solving skills are, my ability of setting goals, the process of using initiative and logical reasoning and the element of evaluating information. Strengths that I obtained as I worked as a secretary at my father’s clinic for the last two years. Furthermore some of my other strength are, the processes of the decision making, planning, implementing, delegating tasks and responsibilities and the ability to identify and analyze situations. . I obtained those skills as a member and a captain of A.S. Aris water polo team for seven years. Weaknesses: My weaknesses as far as the problem solving skills are that I am not good at experimenting with new methods, negotiations and the process of resolving conflicts. In addition I do not possess the ability to deal with and implement change. I will try to improve those weaknesses in the future by earning experience from future works. Opportunities: My elements of setting goals and evaluating information will help me be more accurate and efficient at my workplace. I am responsible and mature, elements that will help me to be successful at my field. Threats: My lack of experience may lead to mistakes and miscalculations. The fact that there is a lot of competition in my field. Flexibility and Adaptability Skills SWOT analysis Strengths: My strengths as far as the flexibility and adaptability skills are the processes of managing multiple assignments and tasks at the same time and working either independently or as part of a team. I obtained those skills as a member and a captain of A.S. Aris water polo team for seven years and as I worked as a bartender to Goldfish Bar for three years (2009- 2011). Weaknesses: My weaknesses as far as the flexibility and adaptability skills are, that I cannot easily adapt to changing conditions and work assignments and I find it hard to set parameters. Opportunities: I have a flexible and adaptable character which is a basic element for a work in field. I gained the ability of working either independently or as part of a team, an element which creates a big advantage for my future carrier. I love to travel so a job that includes traveling seems ideal. Threats: Changing work conditions and work assignments can confuse me. Action Planning Skills SWOT analysis Strengths: My strengths as far as the action planning skills are, the ability of identifying objectives, using lists, setting clearly defined steps and prioritizing tasks effectively. The above were obtained by me as I worked as a secretary at my father’s clinic for the last two years. Weaknesses: My weaknesses as far as the action planning skills are, I find hard to work to deadlines, to develop a contingency plan and to develop a timetable or work schedule. I intend to improve those weaknesses by earning experience as I will continue to work as a secretary at my father’s clinic. Opportunities: The job am willing to follow is in a high growing industry. I am watching networking events, educational classes, or conferences so that I will be ready when the time for an interview comes. I am trying to accomplish a new role or project that forces you to learn new skills, like public speaking or international relations. Threats: I find hard to work to deadlines, to develop a contingency plan and to develop a timetable or work schedule, element that create threats for my future work. Self-Awareness Skills SWOT analysis Strengths: My strengths as far as the self-awareness skills are the ability of receiving and using feedback, the ability to reflect on what I have learnt and the ability of understanding my strengths. The above were obtained by me as I worked as a reservation manager for three summers (summer 2009-2011) at Spitaki bar-club. Weaknesses: My weaknesses as far as the self-awareness skills are, that I find hard to understand where the gaps in my knowledge and experience are, how to recognize my motives and how to identify my own training needs. Skills that I tend to improve in the near future through university classes. Opportunities: I can get help from others or from people via the Internet which creates an advantage for my place at the current market. I have the specific skills (like a second language) that could help my future company or workplace for an expansion or acquisition. I will take advantage of my competitors failing to do something important in order to climb up the hierarchy. Threats: I find hard to understand where the gaps in my knowledge and experience are and how to recognize my motives, elements that could risk my potential carrier. My lack of experience may lead to mistakes and miscalculations. Initiative Skills SWOT analysis Strengths: My strengths as far as the initiative skills are, that I have the ability of giving assistance to others, of finding a solution to a problem quickly and effectively, of taking responsibility and of introducing improvements. I obtained these strengths as I worked as a bartender to Goldfish Bar for three years (2009- 2011). Weaknesses: My weaknesses as far as the initiative skills are, that I find hard to generate ideas, to challenge perceptions and to be creative. . I will try to improve those weaknesses in the future by earning experience from future works. Opportunities: I will try to identify the needs of my workplace that no one is filling. If a colleague is going on an extended leave. I could take on some of this person’s projects to gain experience. Threats: My lack of experience may lead to mistakes and miscalculations. There is a lot of competition in my field. Personal Impact and Confidence Skills SWOT analysis Strengths: My strengths as far as the personal impact and confidence skills are, that I own the ability to display a sense of control, to show positive attitude to work, to take responsibility for own learning and reflective practice, and to act as a role model. Strengths that I gained as a member and a captain in A.S. Aris water polo for seven years. Weaknesses: My weaknesses as far as the personal impact and confidence skills are, that I find hard to seek advice and support, I am not able to establish boundaries and I do not have awareness of growth, progress and achievements Opportunities: I have sense of control, an element that will help me to be a vital employ of my company or industry. I am confident as a person, an element that is very important in order to achieve my goals. Threats: My lack of experience may lead to mistakes and miscalculations. The fact that there is a lot of competition in my field. My inability of maintaining networks will have a negative result in a team work project. References Schroeder, A., (2010), The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of using social software in higher and further education teaching and learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26: 159–174. Felder, R. M., & Silverman, L. K. (1988). Learning and Teaching Styles in Engineering Education. Eng. Education, 78(7), 674–681. Felder, R. M. and Soloman, B. A. (2003). Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire Available online at http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html Gardner, H. (1983) â€Å"Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences.† New York: http://ebooksfreedownload.org/tag/gardner-frames-of-mind-pdf Honey, P. and Mumford, A. (1986). Using your learning styles. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Honey, P. (1992). The manual of learning styles: Revised version. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Kolb (1984), Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall (available at: http://academic.regis.edu/ed205/Kolb.pdf ) Perry (1968) Patterns of development in thought and values of students in a liberal arts college. UKCES. (2008). UK Commission for Employment and Skills – Employability Skills Project, Review of Evidence on Best Practice in Teaching and Assessing Employability Skills, ( available at: http://www.ukces.org.uk/assets/ukces/docs/publications/employability-skills-project.pdf)

Evolution Of Host Parasite Relationships - 1178 Words

Betsy Gladden Evolution Case Study #1 Dr. Amanda Duffus The Evolution of Host-Parasite Relationships Since Darwin’s â€Å"dangerous† idea in the nineteenth century, the causes and significances of evolution have been investigated unceasingly. One evident example of evolution is between parasite and host relationships, in which host and parasite partners maximize their own fitness, by evolving to reduce the fitness of the other. Parasites are hypothesized to evolve and cause hosts to evolve, as well as promoting sexual recombination. There are two major hypotheses of evolution pertaining to host-parasite relationships: the Red Queen hypothesis and the Red King model. The Red Queen hypothesis claims that there is a†¦show more content†¦Scientist Van Valen used this as a metaphor for the evolutionary race saying that species keep running (evolving) to stay in the same place, but if they stop, they become extinct. This theory has been consistently added to and built upon by G. Bell in 1982, who applied it to host and parasite relationships, showing how evolution a ffects genotype frequencies and that changes come from maintaining sexual reproduction. (Lively, 2010) The Red Queen hypothesis demonstrates how species rely on competition for initiating evolution, and how there is a domino effect of change causing change. (Barnett and Hansen, 1996) In studies done by Barnett and Hansen (1996) using an organizational approach, evidence was found for Red Queen evolution in that organizations exhibited less failure if there was more competition. The research used banks as a model, and the results showed that in places only one existed, there was an advantage of a monopoly, but did not have any experience when exposed to competition. (Barnett and Hansen, 1996) The Red Queen hypothesis also shows that selection favors hosts that have rare resistance alleles. There also is research that shows generation time affects selection for sex, in that the longer it takes to reproduce, the more opportunity there is for evolution. The Red Queen hypothesis suggests that when in regard to parasite and host relationships, when parasites are low in number, the costs of sex outweigh the benefits and